# 2.6 Industrial/Employee Relations

| Assessment Objectives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |     |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --- |
| The role and responsibility of employee representatives and employer representatives                                                                                                                                                                                                          | AO2 |
| <p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |     |
| The following industrial/employee relations methods employed by:</p><ul><li>Employees: collective bargaining, go-slows, work-to-rule, overtime bans and strike action</li><li>Employers: collective bargaining, threats of redundancies, changes of contract, closure and lock-outs</li></ul> | AO3 |
| Sources of conflict in the workplace                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | AO1 |
| <p>The following approaches to conflict resolution:</p><ul><li>Conciliation and arbitration</li><li>Employee participation and industrial democracy</li><li>No-strike agreement</li><li>Single-union agreement</li></ul>                                                                      | AO3 |
| <p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |     |
| The following causes of change in the workplace:</p><ul><li>Customers</li><li>Competitors</li><li>Government</li><li>Technological</li><li>External environment</li><li>Personnel</li><li>HR policies</li></ul>                                                                               | AO2 |
| <p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |     |
| The following reasons for resistance to change in the workplace:</p><ul><li>Self-interest</li><li>Low tolerance</li><li>Misinformation</li><li>Interpretation of circumstances</li></ul>                                                                                                      | AO2 |
| <p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |     |
| The following HR strategies for reducing the impact of change and resistance to change:</p><ul><li>Getting agreement/ownership</li><li>Planning and timing the change</li><li>Communicating the change</li></ul>                                                                              | AO3 |
| How innovation, ethical considerations and cultural differences may influence employer and employee relations                                                                                                                                                                                 | AO3 |

* [Labor strikes cripple Gaza hospitals](https://worldbulletin.dunyabulteni.net/palestine/labor-strikes-cripple-gaza-hospitals-h152198.html)
* [People](https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/product-category/people/#axzz3Oja23JBZ) – a brief background on employee/employer relations in the UK.
* [Communication - employee representation](https://www.tutor2u.net/business/people/communication_emplee_rep.asp) – roles and responsibilities of employees and employer representatives.&#x20;
* [Examples of Employer & Employee Conflicts](https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-employer-employee-conflicts-13804.html)
