Topic 6. Kazakhstan: from Perestroika to independence

6.1 Gorbachev’s perestroika and Kazakhstan

• The announcement of the policy of perestroika

• The December protests of 1986

• The crisis in Soviet society and collapse of the USSR

6.2 The Republic of Kazakhstan – the independent state (1991-2005)

• The declaration of independence and first steps in the new Republic

• Kazakhstan as a multinational state

• Aspects of ethnic policy; cultural development

• The impact of globalization on Kazakhstan

• Social and economic development

• The foreign policy of Kazakhstan

• Strategic programs for development in the Republic of Kazakhstan