# Communication skills

[Communication skills](https://vkc.vumc.org/assets/files/resources/teach-com-skills.pdf) involve exchanging information between people. For communication to take place, there must be at least two participants: a sender and a receiver.

For each skill category and cluster, IB provides skill indicators which learners can develop and demonstrate. Links to helpful resources and further ideas related to specific skill indicators are provided here.

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| Skill Clusters                                                                                                                                                                   | Early Years Skill Indicators                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Primary Skill Indicators                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| <p><strong>Exchanging information</strong></p><p>Listening, interpreting and speaking</p>                                                                                        | <p><strong>Listening</strong></p><ul><li>List<a href="https://kidsactivitiesblog.com/52641/listening-skills/">en to information.</a></li><li>Listen actively and respectfully to others’ ideas.</li><li>Ask for clarifications.</li></ul><p><strong>Interpreting</strong></p><ul><li>Interpret visual, audio and oral communication: recognizing and creating signs, interpreting and using symbols and sounds.</li><li>Understand the ways in which images and language interact to convey ideas.</li><li><a href="https://kids.kiddle.co/Body_language">Recognize the meaning of kinaesthetic communication (body language).</a></li></ul><p><strong>Speaking</strong></p><ul><li>Express oneself using words and sentences.</li><li>Participate in conversations.</li><li><a href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/professionals/learning/ecliteracy/interactingwithothers/Pages/conversationandsocialskills.aspx">Negotiate ideas and knowledge with peers and adults.</a></li></ul> | <p><strong>Listening</strong></p><ul><li>Listen to, and follow the information and directions of others.</li><li>Listen actively to other perspectives and ideas.</li><li>Ask for clarifications.</li><li><a href="https://proudtobeprimary.com/listening-activities/">Listen actively and respectfully while others speak.</a></li></ul><p><strong>Interpreting</strong></p><ul><li>Interpret visual, audio and oral communication: recognizing and creating signs, interpreting and using symbols and sounds.</li><li><a href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/multimodal/Pages/visualmetalanguage.aspx">Understand the ways in which images and language interact to convey ideas.</a></li><li>Recognize the meaning of kinaesthetic communication (body language).</li><li>Be aware of cultural differences when providing and interpreting communication.</li></ul><p><strong>Speaking</strong></p><ul><li>Speak and express ideas clearly and logically in small and large groups.</li><li><a href="https://kidpreneurs.org/teaching-kids-to-give-and-receive-effective-feedback/">Give and receive meaningful feedback and feedforward.</a></li><li>State opinions clearly, logically and respectfully.</li><li>Discuss and negotiate ideas and knowledge with peers and teachers.</li><li>Communicate with peers, experts and members of the learning community using a variety of digital environments and media.</li></ul> |
| <p><strong>Literacy</strong></p><p>Early Years: Symbolic exploration and expression</p><p>Primary: Reading, writing and using language to gather and communicate information</p> | <p><strong>Using language to gather and communicate information—reading, writing and mathematics</strong></p><ul><li><a href="https://kidadl.com/home/top-role-play-activities-for-kids">Take on pretend roles and situations.</a></li><li>Understand symbols.</li><li>Access a variety of sources for information and for pleasure.</li><li>Make inferences and draw conclusions.</li><li>Understand that mark-making carries meaning.</li><li>Use mark-marking to convey meaning.</li><li>Document information and observations in a variety of ways.</li><li>Communicate using a range of technologies and materials.</li></ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | <p><strong>Reading</strong></p><ul><li>Read a variety of sources for information and for pleasure.</li><li><a href="https://www.edutopia.org/article/driving-deep-reading-comprehension-k-5">Read critically and for comprehension.</a></li><li>Make inferences and draw conclusions.</li><li>Use and interpret a range of terms and symbols.</li></ul><p><strong>Writing</strong></p><ul><li>Use appropriate forms of writing for different purposes and audiences.</li><li>Paraphrase accurately and concisely.</li><li>Record information and observations by hand and through digital technologies.</li><li>Use a variety of scaffolding for writing tasks.</li><li>Organize information logically.</li><li><a href="https://www.readandspell.com/us/note-taking-skills-for-kids">Make summary notes.</a></li><li>Communicate using a range of technologies and media.</li><li>Understand and use mathematical notation and other symbols.</li><li>Responsibly participate in, and contribute to, digital social media networks.</li></ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| <p><strong>ICT</strong></p><p>Communicating using technology to gather, investigate and share information</p>                                                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | <ul><li>Understand the impact of media representations and modes of presentation.</li><li>Make informed choices about modes of communication based on audience.</li><li><a href="https://www.emergingedtech.com/2021/04/5-ways-to-teach-public-speaking-to-kids/">Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and modalities.</a></li></ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |


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