# Reflection

**Reflection** is the process by which you turn an **experience into learning**.

**Reflection** helps you to **see what you have achieved**.

**Reflection** makes **links** between your experiences and the future.

**Reflection** gives you **feedback** and helps you to **generate your own questions**.

**Reflection** should help you to gain **a better understanding of yourself, and of others**.

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**Reflection** is a **required** part of the programme but it shouldn’t be too arduous! You can reflect **in any way which suits you**.
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If you like writing :writing\_hand:, then record your thoughts in a  :ledger:journal. 

If you love taking photographs 📷, then take and upload photos - but try to also add a comment.

If you are into vlogging, then create, edit and upload a 📹 video.

Perhaps you are a good talker 🗣, then record an audio reflection.

If you do some other style of offline reflection, just make a note about it, photograph 📷 it or digitally scan it to add to your portfolio.

The **focus of your reflection** should be **affective**. Try to move beyond just giving a commentary of what your experiences and actions were, and talk about **how you felt** and **how the experience will change you** in the future.

A useful structure to follow might be:

* **Describe what happened -** retell your memorable moments, identify what was important or influential, what went well or was difficult, obstacles and successes.
* **Express feelings -** how do you feel about your experiences?
* **Generate ideas -** re-examine the choices you made and the actions you took.
* **Ask questions -** what questions do you have about people, processes or issues as a result of your experiences?

You **could** also reflect on which of the [learning outcomes](https://guide.fariaedu.com/cas/assessment) you think you are achieving, **and why**.

Reflection is very personal but it doesn’t have to be totally individual. You could undertake some **group reflection** exercises or meet with a peer or an adult in order to reflect. 

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Your **CAS meetings** can be an important stage in your reflection when you draw out learning that you have gained from your experiences.
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An **example of a group reflection** could be a volleyball team meeting to review their performance in a tournament. With a whiteboard, they discuss and record what went well, what didn’t, and why? They then brainstorm the things they need to improve upon and come up with a plan for their next few training sessions. One person photographs the whiteboard and shares the picture for all to upload as evidence. Another talks over training plans with the coach and adapts them to include the teams' findings. This is good use of the [CAS stages](https://guide.fariaedu.com/cas/cas-stages).

![](https://1496891972-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-MDolA3lKFPOJh5Z1ShL%2F-Ma5no_ZpIveKQywhkKL%2F-Ma5w1T_nvbo-1fLS3_H%2Fshutterstock_198896978.jpeg?alt=media\&token=48624b0f-638f-497a-b37a-ee41c8edc81c)

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Reflection does not **only** happen at the end of a process. 
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Stopping to think **before, during and after** an experience can really add value to it for you. The CAS questions section on ManageBac can also help you to reflect on your experiences.

**Evidence is different from reflection**; it is just information that corroborates you have done what you are claiming. A photo is evidence; a photo with commentary explaining how you felt about it is the beginning of reflection.

It is **good practice** to keep adding evidence and reflections **little and often** to your CAS portfolio.  You can use your smartphone :mobile\_phone: to add directly to your CAS portfolio via the ManageBac app . 

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**ManageBac** tracks the number of reflections/evidence that you record against the learning outcomes you select and this helps your CAS Coordinator keep track of your progress.
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**Quality** of your reflection is more important than the number of brief reflections. Don’t let recording your evidence and reflection take away from the value of your experiences, it should add to them.
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Hours are no longer **required** by the IB but some schools like to track them for other reasons. 
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