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A8.3 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory

As an electron moves between the ions in the lattice, some positive ions are attracted slightly and this gives rise to a slight deformation of the lattice and produces a region with a slightly higher positive charge density. As a result, another electron is attracted to this region and the two electrons become linked in a Cooper Pair. The formation of these pairs is the basis of the superconductivity, since they move unhindered through the structure. At higher temperatures the vibration of the ions in the lattice prevent the distortion of the lattice and the Cooper pairs cannot form.