Option E: Leisure, tourism and sport

1. Changing leisure patterns

How human development processes give rise to leisure activities
The growth and changing purpose of leisure time for societies in different geographic and developmental contexts
The categorization of touristic activities (cost, duration, destination) and sporting activities (cost, popularity, site)
The link between economic development and participation in leisure activities
Detailed examples to illustrate recent changes in participation for two or more societies at contrasting stages of development
Factors affecting personal participation in sports and tourism, including affluence, gender, stage in lifecycle, personality, place of residence

How physical and human factors shape places into sites of leisure
Human and physical factors explaining the growth of rural and urban tourism hotspots including the role of primary and secondary touristic resources
Variations in sphere of influence for different kinds of sporting and touristic facility, including neighbourhood parks and gyms, city stadiums and national parks
Factors affecting the geography of a national sports league, including the location of its hierarchy of teams and the distribution of supporters
Case study of one national sports league
Large-scale sporting, musical, cultural or religious festivals as temporary sites of leisure and their associated costs and benefits
Case study of one festival in a rural location, its site factors and geographic impacts

The varying power of different countries to participate in global tourism and sport
Niche national tourism strategies with a global sphere of influence, including adventure tourism, movie location tourism and heritage tourism
The role of TNCs in expanding international tourism destinations, including the costs and benefits of TNC involvement for different stakeholders
Costs and benefits of tourism as a national development strategy, including economic and social/cultural effects
Political, economic and cultural factors affecting the hosting of international sporting events, including Olympics and football World Cup events
Case study of costs and benefits for one country hosting an international event

Future possibilities for management of, and participation in, tourism and sport at varying scales
The consequences of unsustainable touristic growth in rural and urban tourism hotspots, including the concept of carrying capacity and possible management options to increase site resilience
The concept of sustainable tourism, including the growth of ecotourism
One case study of sustainable tourism in one low-income country
Factors influencing future international tourism, including greater use of social media, international security and diaspora growth
The growing importance of political and cultural influences on international sport participation, including international agreements, inclusion via changing gender roles and the growing importance of the Paralympics

How leisure use of a place is influenced by spatial interactions with other places [Sy]
People's freedom and ability to participate in leisure activities is subject to multiple influences from personal/local to global scales [Sy/Ev]
Different perspectives on the costs and benefits of how places are used for leisure activities and who is allowed to participate [Ev]
How trends and changes in visitor and impact data can be shown graphically [Sk]

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