Topic 2: The Foundations of the Turkish Republic 1923-1945
History:
The abrogation of the caliphate and the transition to a multiparty system.
The social and political reforms of Atatürk and the resistance against them.
Geography:
Demographic and economic developments in the first years of the Republic.
Sociology:
Social reforms:
education;
the status of women;
secularism (laicism).
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