Topic 2: The Foundations of the Turkish Republic 1923-1945

History:

• The abrogation of the caliphate and the transition to a multiparty system.

• The social and political reforms of Atatürk and the resistance against them.

Geography:

• Demographic and economic developments in the first years of the Republic.

Sociology:

• Social reforms:

  • education;

  • the status of women;

  • secularism (laicism).