Topic 6. Kazakhstan: from Perestroika to independence
6.1 Gorbachev’s perestroika and Kazakhstan
The announcement of the policy of perestroika
The December protests of 1986
The crisis in Soviet society and collapse of the USSR
6.2 The Republic of Kazakhstan – the independent state (1991-2005)
The declaration of independence and first steps in the new Republic
Kazakhstan as a multinational state
Aspects of ethnic policy; cultural development
The impact of globalization on Kazakhstan
Social and economic development
The foreign policy of Kazakhstan
Strategic programs for development in the Republic of Kazakhstan
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